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In Capital Hospital Islamabad A workshop on the basics of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic techniques was held on 30th of October 2014. Dr Siddique Akbar Satti the Patron, with cooperation and coordination of Dr Farhal Ali, managed to conduct this auspicious, educational and practical session with great success. The chief guest was Dr Shoaib Shafi, the Professor of Medicine from Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan, who is also well-known for his efforts to modernize the field of gastroenterology in Pakistan. “ The objective of this workshop is to educate the young doctors about the indications and prerequisites of upper of GI endoscopy, the basic technique and procedure, complications during and after the procedure, counselling of the patient ”, said Dr Siddique Akbar Satti, The Supervisor and patron of the course. The workshop started with the recitation of holy verses from The Holy Quran. After that, Dr Farhan Ali introduces the speakers, Dr Beenish, Dr Zahid ul Zahidin and Dr...

Miss Anum Aman Pasha is a Clinical Psychologist , well known for her excellent counselling and communication skills, currently working with an NGO called Rozan which is working for a violence-free society and she is also a member of visiting faculty team of CDA Training Academy . Anum Aman Pasha was born in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan on April, 15th 1990. She completed her matriculation and Intermediate in pre-medical from Bahria College E-8, Naval Complex, Islamabad. During her educational period at Bahria College, she participated in extracurricular activities such as sports, debates, dramatics e.t.c. Anum is a national level Basketball player and has won a gold medal against other Basketball teams from all over Pakistan. Furthermore, she has the honour of having been awarded  The best Athlete award of Bahria College for the consecutive three years. But due to a severe injury of her backbone and other health issues, she had to say goodbye to Sports. After completi...

Case History: A 61-year-old male patient presented in the outpatient department of medicine in Capital Hospital Islamabad, complaining of severe epigastric pain that had been increased in intensity since last 15 days. The onset of pain was sudden, burning and pinching in character, aggravated by intake of food and relieved by strong painkillers and pain radiated to back. The patient also had low-grade fever since last 10 days and generalized weakness. Pain starts a few minutes after taking a meal. There was no history of dysphagia, melena, shortness of breath, cough, chest pain or discomfort, food regurgitation, vomiting, hematemesis, altered bowel habits and burning or difficult micturition. There was no significant past medical or surgical history. The patient was a non-smoker, had decreased appetite and sleep disturbance. There was no history of Diabetes mellitus , hypertension, heart diseases , asthma or cancer in the family. On examination, his pulse rate was 76 and blood ...

Difference between Amoebic and Bacillary Dysentery Amoebic Dysentery Bacillary Dysentery Causative Agents of Amoebic and Bacillary Dysentery Amoebic Dysentery is caused by Entamoeba histolytica Bacillary Dysentery is caused by Shigella species and Enterohemorrhagic E. coli Naked eye or Macroscopic Examination of Stool Frequency of stools in bacillary and amoebic dysentery In Amoebic dysentery patient usually, have 6-8 episodes of loose motions per day In bacillary dysentery patient usually complains of more than 10 episodes of bloody diarrhoea Amount of stools in amoebic and bacillary dysentery The amount of stool is copious in case of amoebic dysentery Patient complains of relatively small more frequent episodes of bloody diarrhoea in bacillary dysentery Colour of stools in bacillary and amoebic dysentery In Amoebic dysentery the colour of stool is dark red, that’s why we ask for the colour of stool while taki...

Beta blockers include, atenolol (Tenormin), propranolol (Inderal ) and metoprolol (Lopressor) and are used to treat high blood pressure, certain cardiac problems, migraine and few other conditions. People usually take atenolol, propranolol or metoprolol for many years as a treatment of high blood pressure or after having an episode of heart attack . Sometimes, it becomes necessary to withdraw these beta blockers due to their potential side effects that trouble the patients or sometimes doctor wants to change the drug and shift the patient to some other anti-hypertensive medicine. No matter whatever the cause is, whenever, a patient who has been using a beta blocker for a long period of time, and he needs to be stopped from further usage of that beta blocker, must not stop taking it. One should taper off the dose of a beta blocker. Now a question arises how to wean off or taper off a beta blocker? The method of tapering off beta blocker varies from individual to individual. Allow you...

Nabothian Cyst is something Related to Cervix of females. Nabothian cysts appear on Cervix. Cervix is the part of every normal and healthy woman's anatomy. It is located at the junction of uterus and vagina. It Leads from uterus to vagina provides support to the uterus and allows the flow of menstrual blood from the uterus into the vagina, and to direct the sperms into the uterus during intercourse. It shares the weight of the fetus in pregnancy. As cervix is present inside the body, it must be properly examined by a gynecologist to rule out any cyst, malignancy, infection or other diseases of the cervix. Cervix Location and Appearance Nabothian Cyst is related to cervix. Causes of Nabothian Cyst: In this condition, Mucous filled bumps appear on the surface of the cervix. Mucous is secreted by the cervical cells and ensure protection against bacteria and provide good media for sperm transportation. any blockage in the pores of mucous secreting cells resu...

First Aid for Dog Bite Victim Victim of rabid dog, cat or bite of any other animal that can transmit rabies should be brought to the emergency room immediately. In the emergency room a doctor, nurse or health care attendant should follow the following steps. 1. Reassurance and Counseling The victims of an animal bite are often fearful and worried. Especially when they think or know that the animal which has bitten was infected with rabies. Rabies is a deadly disease indeed. So reassurance and counselling should be done. Handle them with care, soothe the child and show him care and gently ask him to allow you to handle his wound. Tell him that you are going to wash the wound and vaccinate him and the chance of getting rabies will be very low. 2. Assess the number, location and depth of the wound Adults are usually cooperative and will tell you the number and location of the wound with accuracy. In the case of children, you must be careful. They may not cooperate due to fear. U...

Stomach cancer usually presents with the symptoms of indigestion, abdominal fullness, burping, loss of appetite and heart burn. Late symptoms include, hemoptysis, melena, weight loss, weakness or fatigue, and pain after eating. Obstruction of gastric outlet, gastro-esophageal junction and pleural effusion are also late symptoms. Usually it is difficult to catch the gastric cancer in its early stages because patients of gastric cancer usually present with the similar symptoms as those of Peptic Ulcer Disease . So patients keep on getting treatment of peptic ulcer disease while cancer continue to grow. At the time of diagnosis, usually cancer has already been reached to advance stages.   In Capital Hospital Islamabad, a 61 year old male patient presented in emergency department complaining of difficulty in swallowing, unable to eat any thing, food regurgitation, vomiting, nausea, lack of appetite, epigastric pain, easy fatigability and significant weight loss. Sometime he also notice...

You must have heard in the news that the Ebola virus has killed nearly 4,500 people in West Africa. Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 during an outbreak in Sudan. It was named after a river which is present in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Ebola virus Structure The virus has a different and unusual shape as compared to other viruses. It is very long and thin, measures 14 micrometres and despite of its huge devastating impact, its genetic makeup is very simple. It consists of a single stranding RNA, which contains only seven genes. How the Ebola virus spreads? Fruit bats are considered as the main reservoir of the Ebola virus. A human can get an infection from infected wild animals such as monkeys, apes and other animals which are commonly killed for bushmeat. The human can transmit the infection from person to person, thus initiate a devastating outbreak. How people get an infection of the Ebola virus? Ebola virus is present in the skin, organs, tissues and body fluids of...

Dr. Siddique Akbar Satti, who is a part of the board of examiners of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, shares his views about “how examiners  conduct viva exam, how they scan the mind of the student and what type of questions they ask?” Dr Siddique Akbar Satti is Head of department of medicine, Capital hospital (CDA Hospital Islamabad). He is a gastroenterologist and a graduate of Rawalpindi Medical College. He shared his views while teaching his trainees in Capital Hospital Islamabad during a teaching session. Dr. Satti, discussed with his students, a short case  of the FCPS – Part two exam of 2014. He said “there was a female patient in her 60s lying in the bed, she had absent radial and brachial pulses of both arms, right carotid was absent while left carotid was weakly palpable. Arteries of lower limbs were palpable, she also had a hyper pigmented rash below the eyes and on the forehead”. Now my command was to do the general physical examination of this patient....