Nail Clubbing - Causes of Clubbing - Respiratory, GIT, CVS, Other Causes Of Clubbing

Clubbing Of Nails

In Clubbing there is loss of angle between nail and nail base. Nails are felt swollen on palpation.

Causes Of Clubbing Of Nails

Diseases of different organ systems may cause clubbing

Clubbing Of Nails

Respiratory Causes Of Clubbing of Nails

1. Bronchiectasis

2. Lung abscess (lung abscess-treatment-causes-signs and symptoms)

3. Empyema

4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD. Which include Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis.

5. Cystic Fibrosis

6. Fibrosing alveolitis

7. Carcinoma Of Lungs.

8. Mesothelioma

9. Tuberculosis (tuberculosis and types of tuberculosis)

Cardiovascular Causes Of Clubbing of Nails

1. Cyanotic Heart Disease

2. Tetralogy Of Fallot (Tetralogy Of Fallot Xray Diagnosis)

3. Transposition Of Great Vessels.

4. Infective Endocarditis (clinical features of infective endocarditis)

5. Atrial Myxoma

6. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR; a rare condition in which the pulmonary veins do not empty into the heart)

Gastrointestinal Causes Of Clubbing of Nails

1. Malabsorption syndrome

2. Celiac disease (celiac disease signs, symptoms, clinical presentation and treatment)

3. Crohn's disease

4. Ulcerative Colitis (the difference between chron's disease and ulcerative colitis)

5. Primary biliary cirrhosis

6. Gastrointestinal lymphoma

7. Cirrhosis Of Liver

8. Liver Cancer

Other Miscellaneous Causes of Clubbing of Nails

1. Familial

2. Pseudo-clubbing in hyperthyroidism. ( there is resorption of the terminal phalanx in hyperthyroidism which gives an impression of clubbing.

3. Dysentery (chronic infections and inflammation of GIT and diarrhoea)

4. Hodgkin Lymphoma

5. Oesophagal Carcinoma.

Cryoglobulinemia, Cryoglobulinemia Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Cryoglobulinemia causes Hep C Myeloma, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, Symptoms, Immunoglobulins precipitate when cooled under skin, ulcers, rashes, gangrene, Raynaud’s phenomenon. Treatment. Plasma exchange, Chemotherapy, Treat the cause.

Human Parasites, Types of Parasites, and Classification

Parasite: A parasite is a living organism which gets nutrition and protection from another organism where it lives. Parasites enter into the human body through mouth, skin and genitalia. In this article, we will generally discuss the types and classification of parasites. It is important from an academic point of view. Those parasites are harmful, which derives their nutrition and other benefits from the host and host get nothing in return but suffers from some injury. Types of Parasites Ecto-parasite: An ectoparasite lives outside on the surface of the body of the host. Endo-parasite: An endo-parasite lives inside the body of the host, it lives in the blood, tissues, body cavities, digestive tract or other organs. Temporary parasite: A temporary parasite visits its host for a short period of time. Permanent parasite: Permanent parasite lives its whole life in the host. Facultative parasite: A facultative parasite can live both independently and dependently. It lives in the

How to taper off, wean off beta blocker, atenolol, Propranolol, Metoprolol

Beta blockers include, atenolol (Tenormin), propranolol (Inderal ) and metoprolol (Lopressor) and are used to treat high blood pressure, certain cardiac problems, migraine and few other conditions. People usually take atenolol, propranolol or metoprolol for many years as a treatment of high blood pressure or after having an episode of heart attack . Sometimes, it becomes necessary to withdraw these beta blockers due to their potential side effects that trouble the patients or sometimes doctor wants to change the drug and shift the patient to some other anti-hypertensive medicine. No matter whatever the cause is, whenever, a patient who has been using a beta blocker for a long period of time, and he needs to be stopped from further usage of that beta blocker, must not stop taking it. One should taper off the dose of a beta blocker. Now a question arises how to wean off or taper off a beta blocker? The method of tapering off beta blocker varies from individual to individual. Allow you

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