Goiter - Causes - Types Of Goiter

Goiter

Enlargement of thyroid gland irrespective of its pathology is called goitre.

The thyroid gland is located in the neck, below Adam's apple (bony prominence in the neck, more prominent in males) and in front of the trachea.
Enlargement of the thyroid gland causes a prominent (or slightly or non-prominent) bulge in the neck.

There are many causes of a goitre.

Causes of Goiter.

Following conditions lead to enlargement of the thyroid gland and goitre formation.

1. Physiological goitre.

Puberty onset goitre
Pregnancy-related goitre.

2. Autoimmune diseases.

Grave's disease
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

3. Thyroiditis.

Acute thyroiditis
Chronic thyroiditis ( Reidel's disease)

4. Iodine deficiency goitre (also called endemic goitre)

5. Goitrogens (chemicals aiding goitre formation for example sulphonylureas)

6. Multinodular goitre

7. Diffuse goitre

8. Cysts

9. Tumours

Adenoma
Carcinoma
Lymphoma

10. Sarcoidosis

11. Tuberculosis

12. Dysmorphogenesis.

Types Of Goiter.

1. Non-Toxic (Simple) Goiter.

Diffuse hyperplastic goitre
Colloid goitre
Multinodular non-toxic goitre
Solitary non-toxic nodule

2. Toxic Goiter

Diffuse toxic goitre (Grave's disease)
Multinodular Toxic Goiter
Solitary toxic nodule.

3. Neoplastic Goiter

Enlargement of the thyroid due to benign neoplasm
Enlargement of the thyroid due to malignant neoplasm

4. Thyroiditis Associated Goiter.

Granulomatous Thyroiditis associated goitre
Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) associated goitre
Riedel's thyroiditis associated goitre

5. Other Rare Goiters

Amyloid goitre
Acute bacterial thyroiditis associated goitre
Chronic bacterial thyroiditis associated goitre

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