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Following Case will explain the Signs, symptoms and clinical picture of Marfanoid Habitus /Marfan Syndrome Courtesy Of Dr. Tayyab Akhtar MO Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi Q: It is the picture of hands of the same patient with TOF ( Click Here to see previous Question ) and suspected situs inversus with levo cardia. What abnormal findings can u pick? And what futher physical signs you would like to look for in this patient? 

Chest Xray This is an Xray of A 37 year Old female patient who is presented to emergency department with shortness of breath and bluish skin. She was using oral contraceptive and was chronic smoker. On chest auscultation irregular heart beats are found. What will be the probable diagnosis? Post your Answer as comment (scroll down) Answer will be posted after Five answers. Answer:  In the above case there are three important risk factor for embolus formation ( embolism ) 1. Old Age 2. Oral contraceptive use 3. Chronic smoker. All these factors favour emobolus formation by various mechanism. The Xray of female patient shows typical wedge shaped pulmonary infarction of the right middle lobe. Its Pulmonary Infarction.

Courtesy Of Dr Tayyab Akhtar MO Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan its a X-ray chest PA (Posterio-anterior) view of a 14 year old boy who was presented to us with Central cyanosis and shortness of breath. what is the likely diagnosis? and how? Post your answer as comment.  Answer will be published after five answers. Answer:  X ray shows typical boot shaped heart of Teratology Of Fallot (TOF). Which was later confirmed by echocardiography. But there is a dark area at the right side of the film which looks like gastric shadow. This raises suspicion of situs inversus with levocardia or situs incompletus but Dr. Tayyab Akhtar says, "we were unable to confirm situs inversus with levocardia or situs incompletus because patient was unwilling to stay at the hospital".  The frequency of situs inversus with dextro cardia is 1 per 10,000 births while the frequencey of situs inversus with levocardia is 1 per 22,000 births.

After a long time, at last PMDC recognized Bannu Medical College Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan For admission of 100 students. It was decided in a meeting held at PMDC headquarter Islamabad on 22 December, 2011. $$ Bannu Medical College Recognized Students of Bannu Medical college struggled a lot to get this good news. The pioneer batch of Bannu medical college motivated all the students of BMC to fight for their right. They called a strike on May 13, 2010, which last for almost 6 months. Students protested in street. They marched and made the officials to give a full ear to their problems, the officials put their head down before the determinant students of BMC and sent secretary health KPK to collect data on requirements necessary for recognition. The government appointed teachers and fulfilled the necessities and on 12th may 2011 PMDC visited Bannu Medical college for inspection and On 22 December 2011 finally PMDC awarded recognition to Ban...

Food Borne Diseases Food Borne Diseases-Intoxication, Bacterial, Viral And Parasitic Diseases Food Intoxication: Food intoxication means the addition of toxic material in food. Food intoxication may be; 1. Due to Naturally Occurring Toxins in Some Foods; for example; Lathyrism ( caused by the presence of beta oxalyl amino-alanine in food) Endemic ascitis ( caused by the presence of Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food)  2. Due to Toxins Produced By Certain Bacteria. For example Botulism  Staphylococcus Toxins 3. Due to Toxins Produced by Certain Fungi. Certain fungi grow on food, produce toxins. The toxins produced by fungi are; Aflatoxin Ergot Fusarium toxin 4. Foodborne chemical poisoning.  Heavy metal poisoning. For example, mercury (found if fish) cadmium ( fish shells) and lead ( found in canned food. Oils Petroleum derivatives and solvents present in foods ( for example mixing of motor oil in vegetable oil. Asbestos Poisoning  Pesticide residues...

Goitre is a Thyroid Disease. Goiter Enlargement of thyroid gland irrespective of its pathology is called goitre.  The thyroid gland is located in the neck, below Adam's apple (bony prominence in the neck, more prominent in males) and in front of the trachea. Enlargement of the thyroid gland causes a prominent (or slightly or non-prominent)  bulge in the neck.

Man Made Disaster: There are many disasters which have large element of human causation, either accidental or intended. Actually there is man behind man's destruction. Man made disaster is divided into following three categories. Sudden disasters Insidious disasters Disasters due to wars and civil conflicts.

Atherosclerosis : Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium-sized muscular and elastic arteries. It is a slowly progressive disease that begins in childhood and becomes manifested late in life. The basic lesions in atherosclerosis are atheromas that weaken the media and predispose the area to thrombus formation. Atheromas: These are raised focal plaques within the intima (the innermost layer of blood vessels) having a core of lipids which is covered by a fibrous cap The plaques increase in size and may block the arteries and compromise the blood supply of the area supplied by that artery. (for example, it may cause  a Heart attack if a coronary artery is blocked by plaques) Risk Factors and Cause: 1. Age: Though early lesions of atherosclerosis appear in childhood, the disease is rare before 30 years of age and usually affects older people. 2. Sex. Males are affected more than females Estrogens have some protective effect therefore, women are ...

G6PD deficiency may cause anaemia. Red blood cells are vulnerable to injury by oxidizing agents. Our body has specialized mechanisms that prevent such injuries to happen. Reduced glutathione (represented as GSH) is one of the most important anti-oxidant presents in the body. Various enzymes are needed in the formation of glutathione. Any deficiency of these enzymes decreases the formation of reduced glutathione and renders the RBC's vulnerable to injury by exogenous or endogenous oxidizing agents. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase is an important enzyme that is commonly missing or abnormal. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to decreased formation of reduced glutathione (GSH). In the absence of GSH RBCs become very vulnerable to the injury by oxidizing agents. Hydrogen peroxide is the most common oxidizing agent that is formed in the body. In the absence of reduced glutathione, it damages the RBC membrane, haemoglobin chains and causes precipitation of...