Achalasia, Signs-Symptoms-Causes-Treatment-Complications

Achalasia, Signs, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Complications Of Achalasia.

In Achalasia food can't pass through oesophagus properly and this causes progressive dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)

It is associated with three major abnormalities:
a. Aperistalsis.
b. Partial or incomplete relaxation of the lower oesophagal sphincter.
c. Increased tone of the LES.

(Clinically there is progressive dysphagia.)

Causes:
Primary: (Failure of the inhibitory neuronal supply).

Secondary (Chagas disease, Diabetic neuropathy, Polio, autoimmunity, amyloidosis, etc)

Signs and Symptoms:

1. difficulty in swallowing

2. Heavy sensation in the chest

3. Chest pain

4. Regurgitation of food that is trapped in the oesophagus into the mouth

5. Coughing

6. Choking (food may enter the throat and block the tracheal air entrance)

Treatment

Laparoscopic myotomy and pneumatic balloon dilatation of lower oesophagal sphincter.

Complications Of Achalasia:

1. Esophagitis

2. Oesophagal ulcer

3. Oesophagal cancer

4. Weight loss

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