Infectious Esophagitis and Chemical Esophagitis-Causes-Clinical Signs-Treatment

Causes Of Infectious Esophagitis (Oesophagitis)
1. Bacteremia
2. Viremia
3. Herpes simplex
4. Cytomegalovirus
5. Candidiasis
6. Mucormycosis
7. Aspergillosis

Causes of Chemical Esophagitis:
1. Ingested irritants (e.g alcohol, acids, alkalies and hot fluids)
2. Heavy smoking
3. Anticancer drugs
4. Uremia
5. Radiotherapy

Morphology:
1. Non-specific features:
a) Severe inflammation,
b) Superficial necrosis
c) Ulceration with the formation of granulation tissue and fibrosis

2. Specific features:
a) Adherent grey-white pseudo-membranes (in case of candidiasis)
b) Punched out ulcers of the oesophagal mucosa (in case of herpes infection)
c) Tablet or capsule sticking in the oesophagus (in case of chemical or drug esophagitis)
d) In the case of radiation esophagitis, there will be Mucosal atrophy, submucosal fibrosis and Vascular intimal thickening

Clinical Features and signs (infectious esophagitis)

1. dysphagia
2. painful swallowing
3. heartburn
4. Nausea
5. Chest pain
or infectious esophagitis may be asymptomatic.

Treatment of infectious esophagitis:
Treatment varies with the causative agent.
it is treated with antibacterial, antiviral or antifungal drugs depending on the causative agent that is whether it is a bacteria, virus or fungus.

Cryoglobulinemia, Cryoglobulinemia Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Cryoglobulinemia causes Hep C Myeloma, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, Symptoms, Immunoglobulins precipitate when cooled under skin, ulcers, rashes, gangrene, Raynaud’s phenomenon. Treatment. Plasma exchange, Chemotherapy, Treat the cause.

Human Parasites, Types of Parasites, and Classification

Parasite: A parasite is a living organism which gets nutrition and protection from another organism where it lives. Parasites enter into the human body through mouth, skin and genitalia. In this article, we will generally discuss the types and classification of parasites. It is important from an academic point of view. Those parasites are harmful, which derives their nutrition and other benefits from the host and host get nothing in return but suffers from some injury. Types of Parasites Ecto-parasite: An ectoparasite lives outside on the surface of the body of the host. Endo-parasite: An endo-parasite lives inside the body of the host, it lives in the blood, tissues, body cavities, digestive tract or other organs. Temporary parasite: A temporary parasite visits its host for a short period of time. Permanent parasite: Permanent parasite lives its whole life in the host. Facultative parasite: A facultative parasite can live both independently and dependently. It lives in the

How to taper off, wean off beta blocker, atenolol, Propranolol, Metoprolol

Beta blockers include, atenolol (Tenormin), propranolol (Inderal ) and metoprolol (Lopressor) and are used to treat high blood pressure, certain cardiac problems, migraine and few other conditions. People usually take atenolol, propranolol or metoprolol for many years as a treatment of high blood pressure or after having an episode of heart attack . Sometimes, it becomes necessary to withdraw these beta blockers due to their potential side effects that trouble the patients or sometimes doctor wants to change the drug and shift the patient to some other anti-hypertensive medicine. No matter whatever the cause is, whenever, a patient who has been using a beta blocker for a long period of time, and he needs to be stopped from further usage of that beta blocker, must not stop taking it. One should taper off the dose of a beta blocker. Now a question arises how to wean off or taper off a beta blocker? The method of tapering off beta blocker varies from individual to individual. Allow you

MedicoTips.Com

Search This Blog